Nyquist Reference Manual

Carnegie Mellon University
School of Computer Science
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, U.S.A.

• Preface
• Introduction and Overview
  • Installation
    • Troubleshooting
  • Using NyquistIDE
  • Using SAL
  • Command Line
  • Helpful Hints
  • Using Lisp
  • Examples
    • Waveforms
    • Wavetables
    • Sequences
    • Envelopes
    • Piece-wise Linear Functions
  • Predefined Constants
  • More Examples
• The NyquistIDE Program
  • NyquistIDE Overview
  • The Button Bar
  • Command Completion
  • Extension Manager
  • Browser
  • Envelope Editor
  • Equalizer Editor
  • UPIC Editor
• Behavioral Abstraction
  • The Environment
  • Sequential Behavior
  • Simultaneous Behavior
  • Sounds vs. Behaviors
  • The At Transformation
  • The Stretch Transformation
  • Nested Transformations
  • Defining Behaviors
  • Overriding Default Transformations
  • Sampling Rates
• Continuous Transformations and Time Warps
  • Simple Transformations
  • Time Warps
  • Abstract Time Warps
  • Nested Transformations
• More Examples
  • Stretching Sampled Sounds
  • Saving Sound Files
  • Memory Space and Normalization
  • Frequency Modulation
  • Building a Wavetable
  • Filter Examples
  • DSP in Lisp
• SAL
  • SAL Syntax and Semantics
    • Expressions
      • Simple Expressions
      • Operators
      • Function Calls
      • Array Notation
      • Conditional Values
    • SAL Statements
      • begin and end
      • chdir
      • define variable
      • define function
      • exec
      • if
      • when
      • unless
      • load
      • loop
      • play
      • plot
      • print
      • display
      • return
      • set
      • with
      • exit
  • Interoperability of SAL and XLISP
    • Function Calls
    • Symbols and Functions
    • Playing Tricks On the SAL Compiler
• Nyquist Functions
  • Sounds
    • What is a Sound?
    • Multichannel Sounds
    • Accessing and Creating Sound
    • Miscellaneous Functions
  • Behaviors
    • Using Previously Created Sounds
    • Sound Synthesis
      • Oscillators
      • Piece-wise Approximations
      • Filter Behaviors
      • Effects
      • Physical Models
      • Phase Vocoder
      • More Behaviors
  • Transformations
  • Combination and Time Structure
  • Sound File Input and Output
  • Low-level Functions
    • Creating Sounds
    • Signal Operations
    • Filters
    • Table-Lookup Oscillator Functions
    • Phase Vocoder Functions
    • Physical Model Functions
    • Sequence Support Functions
• Nyquist Globals
• Interactive Nyquist
  • Interactive Control with the NyquistIDE
    • Creating a Control Panel
    • Creating Controls
    • Accessing Control Values
    • Starting and Stopping Sounds
  • Using Open Sound Control
    • Sending Open Sound Control Messages
    • The ser-to-osc Program
• Time/Frequency Transformation
• MIDI, Adagio, and Sequences
  • The SEQ Type
  • Adagio Score Language
  • Specifying Attributes
    • Time
    • Pitch
    • Duration
    • Next Time
    • Rest
    • Articulation
    • Loudness
    • Voice
    • Timbre (MIDI Program)
    • Tempo
    • Rate
  • Default Attributes
  • Examples
  • Advanced Features
    • Time Units and Resolution
    • Multiple Notes Per Line
    • Control Change Commands
    • Multiple Tempi
    • MIDI Synchronization
    • System Exclusive Messages
    • Control Ramps
    • The !End Command
    • Calling C Routines
    • Setting C Variables
• Linear Prediction Analysis and Synthesis
  • LPC Classes and Functions
  • Low-level LPC Functions
• Developing and Debugging in Nyquist
  • Debugging
  • Useful Functions
• Xmusic and Algorithmic Composition
  • Xmusic Basics
  • Xmusic Patterns
    • Nested Patterns
    • Periods
    • General Parameters for Creating Pattern objects
    • cycle
    • line
    • random
    • palindrome
    • heap
    • accumulation
    • copier
    • accumulate
    • sum
    • product
    • eval
    • length
    • window
    • markov
  • Random Number Generators
  • Score Generation and Manipulation
    • Keyword Parameters
    • Using score-gen
    • Score Manipulation
    • Xmusic and Standard MIDI Files
    • Workspaces
    • Utility Functions
• Nyquist Libraries
  • Statistics
  • Plots
  • Labeling Audio Events, Marking Audio Times, Displaying Marked Audio Times
  • Linear Regression
  • Vector Math, Linear Algebra
  • Piano Synthesizer
  • Dynamics Compression
  • Clipping Softener
  • Graphical Equalizer
  • Sound Reversal
  • Time Delay Functions
  • Multiple Band Effects
  • Granular Synthesis
  • Chowning FM Voices
  • Atonal Melody Composition
  • MIDI Utilities
  • Reverberation
  • DTMF Encoding
  • Dolby Surround(R), Stereo and Spatialization Effects
  • Drum Machine
• Appendix 1: Extending Nyquist
  • Translating Descriptions to C Code
  • Rebuilding Nyquist
  • Accessing the New Function
  • Why Translation?
  • Writing a .alg File
  • Attributes
  • Generated Names
  • Scalar Arguments
• Appendix 2: Intgen
  • Overview
    • Extending Xlisp
  • Header file format
  • Using #define'd macros
  • Lisp Include Files
  • Example
  • More Details
• Appendix 3: XLISP: An Object-oriented Lisp
  • Introduction
  • A Note From The Author
  • XLISP Command Loop
  • Special Characters
  • Break Command Loop
  • Data Types
  • The Evaluator
  • Lexical Conventions
  • Readtables
  • Lambda Lists
  • Objects
  • The “Object” Class
  • The “Class” Class
  • Profiling
  • Symbols
  • Evaluation Functions
  • Symbol Functions
  • Property List Functions
  • Array Functions
  • List Functions
  • Destructive List Functions
  • Predicate Functions
  • Control Constructs
  • Looping Constructs
  • The Program Feature
  • Debugging and Error Handling
  • Arithmetic Functions
  • Bitwise Logical Functions
  • String Functions
  • Character Functions
  • Input/Output Functions
  • The Format Function
  • File I/O Functions
  • String Stream Functions
  • System Functions
  • File I/O Functions
    • Input from a File
    • Output to a File
    • A Slightly More Complicated File Example

• Index